Processes Experienced During Natural Childbirth via the Vagina
Vaginal delivery is a significant and transformative experience for expectant mothers. To navigate this process more smoothly, it's essential to understand the stages involved and the strategies for managing each stage effectively.
First Stage: Cervical Dilation (including latent, active, and transition phases)
The first stage of labour involves the cervix thinning (effacing) and opening (dilating) from 0 to 10 cm to allow the baby to pass through. This stage is divided into three phases:
- Latent Phase (0-4 cm): Irregular contractions, lasting 30-45 seconds every 5-30 minutes, may last 6-10 hours for first-time mothers.
- Active Phase (4 cm-7 cm): Contractions become stronger, frequent, and longer, with the cervix dilating to 3 cm or 4 cm.
- Transition Phase (7 cm-10 cm): Contractions last for over a minute and come in a span of 2-3 minutes, preparing for the final stage of pushing. The cervix dilates to 8 cm or 9 cm.
During this stage, rest and self-care are important. Alternate between periods of rest and gentle activity like short walks or showers. Stay hydrated and eat easily digestible foods. Relaxation and breathing exercises can help ease contractions. Support from a companion, music, shoulder massage, and staying calm also help maintain confidence and comfort.
Second Stage: Pushing and Birth
The second stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm and lasts until the baby is born, typically 20 minutes to 2 hours for most mothers. The baby’s head descends, rotates, and moves through the birth canal as the mother feels an urge to push. The skin and muscles around the vagina stretch; sometimes minor tearing occurs.
Follow your healthcare provider’s guidance on pushing when the urge arises. Experiment with comfortable positions for pushing (e.g., squatting, lying down). Use warm compresses or massage to protect the perineum and reduce tearing. Stay focused on breathing techniques and listen to your body’s signals to avoid pushing too early or straining unnecessarily. Immediate skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding are encouraged.
Third Stage: Delivery of the Placenta (Afterbirth)
After the baby is born, contractions continue to help detach and expel the placenta (also called the "whenua"). These contractions are usually milder than during earlier stages. The umbilical cord remains unclamped for a few minutes post-delivery. Sometimes a medication is given to help the placenta deliver faster. Parents can decide what to do with the placenta, which holds cultural significance for some.
Stay relaxed and allow the afterbirth to come naturally as your body continues contracting. Discuss with your healthcare provider beforehand about the use of medications to assist placental delivery and care preferences for the placenta if culturally relevant.
Additional Strategies for a Smooth Vaginal Delivery
- Maintain balanced nutrition and gentle exercise during pregnancy to prepare your body.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques and support systems.
- Create a birth plan with your care team outlining preferences for pain management, pushing positions, and postpartum care.
By understanding these stages and preparing both physically and mentally, an expectant mother can help facilitate a smoother labor and vaginal delivery experience.
Early signs of labour can include lightening, bloody show, diarrhea, water breaking, contractions, backache, and feeling heavy like during a period. In the early phase of labour, the uterus starts contracting and the cervix begins to dilate and move forward.
Remember, every woman's labour experience is unique, and it's essential to stay flexible and open to adapt as needed. With the right information, support, and a positive mindset, you can navigate the stages of labour with confidence.
