Pregnancy-related diabetes and the afterbirth sac: Essential facts to understand
Gestational diabetes (GD) is a condition that can develop during pregnancy, primarily due to the placenta secreting the hormone lactogen. This hormone, known as human placental lactogen (hPL), plays a role in insulin resistance during pregnancy, a condition where the body has a decreased ability to respond to insulin.
High glucose levels in the blood from GD can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus, potentially causing harm. GD increases the risk of pregnancy and birth complications. For instance, those with GD who did not use insulin had higher rates of preterm birth, larger fetal heads, and lower APGAR scores at 1 minute. Additionally, they had a higher likelihood of cesarean delivery (C-section).
Not everyone with GD develops complications, but the risk is higher without treatment. The first line of treatment for GD is often dietary changes and an increase in activity. The American Diabetes Association recommends that all people with GD consult with a dietitian to help manage their condition through diet.
However, if dietary changes and increased activity do not help manage GD, insulin may be necessary. People with GD who did not use insulin had fetuses that were large for their gestational age, indicating potential complications.
A study looking at outcomes in pregnancies where the pregnant person had GD found no increase in the rate of stillbirth for people with GD. However, it is crucial to note that this study only included individuals who identified as female.
A doctor may recommend ongoing monitoring for a person with GD due to the increased risks for the pregnant person and the fetus. This includes regularly monitoring blood glucose levels at home, typically several times each day.
In conclusion, while GD can pose risks to both the pregnant person and the developing fetus, proper management through diet, activity, and potentially insulin can help mitigate these risks. It is essential for individuals with GD to consult with their healthcare providers and dietitians to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.
