Physical effects of intense heat: insights on the human physique
In the sweltering heat of summer, it's crucial to stay alert and informed about heat-related illnesses, particularly heat stroke. This serious medical emergency can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Recognising Heat Stroke
Heat stroke symptoms are easy to identify, but they require immediate attention. A body temperature above 103°F (39.4°C), hot, red, dry or damp skin, a fast, strong pulse, headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion or disorientation, loss of consciousness or passing out, and no longer sweating despite the heat are all indicative of heat stroke.
Preventing Heat Stroke
Prevention is better than cure, and when it comes to heat stroke, there are several measures you can take. Moving to cool or shaded areas and resting frequently, wearing light-colored, loose-fitting, tightly woven clothing, and using hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen are all effective ways to beat the heat.
Regularly drinking plenty of fluids like water and sports drinks, avoiding alcohol and caffeinated beverages, scheduling vigorous activities during cooler parts of the day, taking frequent breaks to cool down with water sprays or damp cloths on the skin, and never leaving children or pets unattended in vehicles, even if windows are cracked, are all important steps in preventing heat-related illnesses.
It's also essential to let the body gradually acclimate to hotter temperatures and to monitor those at increased risk, such as children, the elderly, people with heart or lung conditions, and those on certain medications.
Heat's Impact on the Body
Heat and high temperatures challenge the body's hydration balance and heart workload. Increased sweat production to cool the body can quickly lead to dehydration if fluids are not replaced. Dehydration thickens the blood, making it harder for the heart to pump efficiently, increasing the heart rate and potentially stressing the cardiovascular system.
Heat and dehydration together can worsen blood pressure control and oxygen delivery, particularly in people with heart conditions or on medications affecting circulation. Impaired hydration and electrolyte loss can cause muscle cramps, weakness, and worsen heat-related illness severity.
Staying Safe in Extreme Heat
In extreme heat, a person can lose more than two liters of water a day. It's important to drink regularly to avoid dehydration. The higher the temperatures, the more a person sweats, which can quickly lead to dehydration if fluids are not replaced.
Heat strokes can occur when the body is unable to cool down effectively. To avoid this, it's crucial to take preventative measures and seek medical attention if symptoms arise. Dr. Martin Ducret, a sports physician, explains these conditions and the importance of proactive heat illness management.
Remember, heat strokes are a sudden failure of the body's ability to adapt. They can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Stay cool, stay hydrated, and stay safe this summer.
