PFAS Exposure Linked to Reduced COVID-19 Immune Response and Lower Vaccine Effectiveness
A new study published in Environment International reveals a concerning link between high exposure to PFAS chemicals and reduced immune system response to COVID-19. Led by Dr. Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, the research suggests that PFAS exposure could increase the risk of severe illness and lower vaccine effectiveness.
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are widespread in everyday products and can accumulate in the human body. The study investigates how these chemicals affect the cellular immune system response to SARS-CoV-2. It found that high PFAS exposure can alter and potentially reduce the effectiveness of the immune system response to the virus.
PFAS exposure is chronic and particularly problematic for vulnerable groups. It can lead to an excessive immune system response in men and reduced B cells in women, which are crucial for antibody production. This could explain why people with high PFAS exposure may have a higher risk of severe illness or lower response to vaccines. The study also found that PFAS can negatively affect the development of antibodies after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Dr. Schmitt-Jansen, who led the 2025 study, serves as the head of the Department of Environmental Immunology at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. She and her team suggest that individualized vaccination strategies could counteract the effects of high PFAS exposure.
The study highlights the potential impact of PFAS exposure on COVID-19 immunity and vaccine response. Further research is needed to understand the extent of this risk and develop strategies to mitigate it. In the meantime, reducing exposure to PFAS, particularly for vulnerable groups, could help bolster immune system response to SARS-CoV-2.
