Multiple sclerosis often leads to bowel problems.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune condition that attacks nerve linings and disrupts electrical impulses in the body, can also impact a person's bowel function. Around 70-80% of people with MS experience bladder problems, and about 70% have bowel problems [2].
Bladder effects in MS
Bladder issues in MS are often characterised by increased frequency and urgency of urination (incontinence), difficulty starting urination (hesitancy), leaking urine, sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, urinary retention, and a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) [1][2][3]. These symptoms are caused by MS lesions in central nervous system areas responsible for bladder control, leading to muscle spasticity and impaired coordination between bladder contraction and relaxation [1][2].
Bowel problems in MS
Common bowel problems in MS include constipation, experienced by about 50% of patients, and fecal incontinence, experienced by up to 30% of patients [2]. Other issues include reduced gut motility and impaired neurological control of defecation. Constipation can be worsened by immobility or medications [2].
In case of constipation, treatments may include bisacodyl (Dulcolax), docusate (Colace), psyllium husk (Metamucil), castor oil, and other fiber supplements. To promote bowel regularity, people can drink plenty of fluids, get regular physical activity, set regular bowel times, eat high-fiber foods, ask a doctor about over-the-counter or prescription options, do sphincter and pelvic floor exercises, gently massage the abdomen, and use circular motions to stimulate bowel movements [2].
If constipation persists, it can lead to fecal impaction, a severe bowel condition where stool gets stuck in the rectum or lower colon. In such cases, an enema or manual removal of the stool may be required [4]. Fecal incontinence treatment may involve medications, dietary changes, bowel training, and in some cases, surgery [5].
Seeking Medical Advice
People with MS experiencing regular bowel dysfunction should consult their doctor to check for underlying issues. Bowel dysfunction in MS can be referred to as neurogenic bowel dysfunction [6]. It is essential to work closely with a doctor to identify causes and triggers of bowel dysfunction and create an effective treatment plan [7].
In summary, MS affects bowel and bladder function primarily due to nerve damage disrupting muscle control and coordination involved in urination and defecation, leading to symptoms such as incontinence, retention, constipation, and increased infection risk [1][2][3]. Management typically involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments tailored to symptom type and severity [2].
- The impact of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on a person's health extends to their digestive system, with almost half of the patients experiencing constipation.
- Fecal incontinence, affecting up to 30% of MS patients, is another bowel-related medical-condition that can occur as a result of this neurological disorder.
- struggles with bowel regularity might find relief through various measures such as fiber supplements, maintaining a high-fiber diet, staying hydrated, and setting regular bowel times.
- Given the complexities of neurogenic bowel dysfunction, it is crucial for individuals with MS who experience persistent bowel issues to consult their healthcare professionals for further investigation and treatment plans.
