Dementia Affects 32% of Over-85s: Early Diagnosis Crucial
Dementia, a term encompassing various neurodegenerative conditions, affects cognitive functions permanently. It's most common in older people, with 32% of those over 85 being affected. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing symptoms and addressing any reversible causes.
Dementia's most frequent types include Alzheimer's, vascular, Lewy body, frontotemporal, and mixed dementias. Diagnosis involves reviewing medical history, assessing mental and physical functions, and conducting lab and imaging tests. Common signs are memory loss, confusion, speaking or writing difficulties, and behavioral or balance changes.
Risk factors span age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hearing issues, depression, smoking, alcohol use, lack of exercise, family history, and traumatic brain injury. While often incurable, treatment focuses on improving quality of life and managing related changes. Some causes, like hydrocephalus or vitamin deficiencies, may be reversible with treatment.
Dementia's outlook varies depending on its cause. Early diagnosis enables symptom management and treatment of reversible conditions. The clinical criteria for diagnosis include progressive cognitive decline, impairment of daily activities, and deficits in various cognitive functions, supported by physical exams and tests.
