Connection between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Underlying Links and Risk Factors
Let's dive into the unavoidable connection between boobs and ovaries, shall we?
Cancerous links, mainly genetic:There's a not-so-secret alliance between breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and it's all about those genes. The connection is solid, especially for those with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
Shared risk factors, some you can control:Breast and ovarian cancer have some common risk factors like aging - breast cancer happens more in those aged 55 and above, while ovarian cancer typically occurs in ladies over 40. Weight and reproductive history also factor in. Being overweight or obese can up the odds of breast cancer, and not carrying a pregnancy to term can increase the risk for both cancers. folks can manage some of these risk factors, like maintaining a moderate weight.
Breast cancer leading to ovarian cancer:If someone has had breast cancer, they might face a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer, especially if the breast cancer is linked to genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2. But this increased risk isn't due to the disease itself; it's all about those sneaky genes. Research indicates that those with breast cancer are roughly twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer leading to breast cancer:People with ovarian cancer might have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. The risk differs with time since their first diagnosis. People with ovarian cancer may also have a higher risk of developing breast cancer due to underlying genetic mutations.
Other risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are the primary shared genetic risk factors. Research suggests around 50% of families with ovarian and breast cancer have BRCA1 gene mutations, while about 20% have BRCA2 mutations.
Other common risk factors include:
- family history of either cancer
- higher age
- being overweight or obese
- having the first child after 30
- never having children
- avoiding breastfeeding
- hormone therapy post menopause
Can people reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer?
Some risk factors, such as having had breast or ovarian cancer previously, can't be changed. However, people can manage these unalterable risk factors by undergoing regular monitoring, making lifestyle changes, and considering preventive medical procedures.
A history of cancer increases the risk of developing the other, especially if the cancers are related to genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2. People can't control this risk factor, but they can manage it through regular screenings like mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests. Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can help identify those at greater risk and guide monitoring and prevention strategies.
For folks carrying genetic mutations, doctors may consider additional options like prophylactic surgeries that involve removing organs or tissues to prevent the occurrence or spread of cancer.
Changeable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors include:
- Weight: Maintaining a moderate weight can help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Being obese can lead to higher estrogen levels, which can raise the risk of breast cancer.
- Physical activity: Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of breast cancer. Limited evidence also supports a link between exercise and ovarian cancer prevention. Exercise can aid in maintaining a healthy weight and also have direct anti-cancer effects.
- Alcohol: Cutting back on booze can lower the risk of breast cancer. The risk goes up with the amount consumed, so it's best to limit intake.
- Oral contraceptives: Oral contraceptives might decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, but they may slightly boost the risk of breast cancer. People can discuss contraception options with their doctor to weigh the risks based on their unique circumstances.
Prognosis: relative optimism
A 2020 observational study suggests that people with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have a relatively optimistic outlook, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates around 90%. The outlook is more positive when the interval between the two diseases is longer, but ovarian cancer following breast cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage, which can affect survival. A person's age during their first diagnosis and the time between the two cancers are significant predictors of overall survival.
When to speak with a doc:
If any signs or symptoms of breast or ovarian cancer appear, especially with a personal or family history of these diseases, it's crucial to consult a doctor. It's important to stay vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer after a previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for improved outcomes.
Resources for cancer info:
Find more evidence-based info and resources for cancer by visiting our dedicated hub.
FAQs
- People with ovarian cancer might have an increased risk of the following cancers:
- breast cancer
- bladder cancer
- bile duct cancer
- colorectal cancer
- acute leukemia
- melanoma of the eye
- Breast cancer can spread (metastasize) to the ovaries, although it's relatively uncommon, particularly in advanced breast cancer.
- People at high risk of ovarian cancer include those who have:
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
- a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
- Lynch syndrome
- endometriosis
- never been pregnant
- had a late first pregnancy
- age over 40 years
Summary:
There's a strong link between breast cancer and ovarian cancer, primarily due to shared genetic mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Those with these mutations have a significantly higher risk of developing both cancers.
Additionally, a personal or family history of one cancer increases the risk of developing the other. This connection highlights the importance of genetic testing, regular screenings, and preventive measures for those at higher risk. People who have had breast or ovarian cancer can collaborate with their healthcare team to monitor signs of another cancer.
- The connection between breast cancer and ovarian cancer is strong, particularly for those with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
- Both breast and ovarian cancers have common risk factors like aging, being overweight or obese, and reproductive history.
- If someone has had breast cancer, they might face a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer, especially if the breast cancer is linked to genetic mutations.
- People with ovarian cancer might have an increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, with the risk differing with time since their first diagnosis.
- Weight management, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol intake are changeable risk factors that can help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
- People with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer, or those identified as being at higher risk through genetic testing, should consult their healthcare team for regular screenings and preventive measures.
