Carotid Artery Disease: Treatments, Risks, and Care
Carotid artery disease, caused by plaque buildup, can lead to strokes. Two main treatments exist: carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting. CEA, involving surgical removal of the blockage, is generally recommended for those who have had a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), or have a severe but not complete blockage. Stenting, using a metal tube to keep the artery open, carries a higher stroke risk and is reserved for specific situations.
CEA is typically performed by vascular surgeons in specialized hospitals, working with neurology, neuroradiology, and interventional radiology departments. Before the procedure, tests like carotid ultrasound, angiography, MRA, or CTA are conducted to assess the blockage. During CEA, the surgeon removes the blockage and stitches or patches the artery back together. Recovery involves an overnight hospital stay and a few weeks of avoiding heavy lifting and driving.
Carotid stenting, while an alternative, has a higher stroke risk and is generally reserved for those who cannot undergo CEA due to other health conditions. Both procedures carry risks, including stroke, nerve damage, or death, and other diseases like heart disease or diabetes can complicate them. A significant narrowing can cause an embolism or stroke if a piece of plaque breaks loose and blocks a smaller artery in the brain.
Carotid artery disease, a serious health concern, requires careful evaluation and treatment. CEA and carotid stenting are the primary treatment options, each with its own risks and benefits. Specialized hospitals and multidisciplinary teams ensure the best care for patients undergoing these procedures.
